The Mineral Matrix

The Essential Gemstone Directory

Before investing in fine jewelry, understanding mineral hardness and physical structure is critical. Here is our curated guide to popular precious and semi-precious stones.

Gemstone	Mohs Hardness	Mineral Family	Daily Wear?	Safe Cleaning Method
Diamond / Lab Diamond	10.0	Carbon	Yes • Lifetime	Warm soapy water, ultrasonic safe
Sapphire & Ruby	9.0	Corundum	Yes • High Durability	Warm soapy water, soft brush
Emerald	7.5 – 8.0	Beryl (often oiled)	Care Required	Gentle damp cloth ONLY (No ultrasonic!)
Amethyst & Citrine	7.0	Quartz	Yes • Good	Warm water, avoid direct heat & UV
Moonstone & Labradorite	6.0 – 6.5	Feldspar	Occasional / Careful	Mild soapy water, avoid knocks
Opal & Turquoise	5.5 – 6.5	Hydrated Silica / Phosphate	Fragile / Porous	Soft dry or slightly damp cloth; never soak
Pearl (Organic)	2.5 – 4.5	Calcium Carbonate	Special Care	Wipe with damp cloth after wearing; last on, first off

Featured Stone Profiles

Sapphire

9.0 Mohs

Corundum Family • Sept Birthstone

Prized for its celestial blue brilliance and exceptional toughness. Second only to diamond, sapphire is one of the premier choices for engagement rings and everyday heirloom pieces.

✓ Everyday Heirloom

Emerald

7.5–8.0 Mohs

Beryl Family • May Birthstone

Renowned for its lush green hue and characteristic internal inclusions known as its "jardin". While hard, emeralds are brittle and require protective bezel settings.

! Handle with Gentle Care

Moonstone

6.0–6.5 Mohs

Feldspar • June Birthstone

Known for adularescence—an ethereal floating blue and rainbow glow reminiscent of moonlight. A staple in artisan silver craft and boho-chic fine jewelry.

! Protect From Impacts

Amethyst

7.0 Mohs

Quartz Family • Feb Birthstone

Beloved since antiquity for its regal purple to lilac gradients. Exceptional clarity, abundant ethical origins, and durable enough for routine wear in silver or gold.

✓ Great For Daily Wear